First-principles study of the (0 0 1) surface of cubic SrZrO3

Density functional calculations have been used to investigate the (0 0 1) surface of cubic SrZrO₃ with both SrO and ZrO₂ termination. Surface structure and electronic structure have been obtained. The SrO surface is found to be similar to its counterpart in SrTiO₃, while there are marked differences between the ZrO₂ and TiO₂ terminations in SrZrO₃ and SrTiO₃, respectively, concerning surface relaxation and rumpling. For the ZrO₂-terminated surface of SrZrO₃, the covalency of the interaction between the outmost Zr and the O beneath is enhanced as a result of their bond contraction. The band gap reduction and the presence of the surface states are also discussed in relation with the behavior of the electrostatic potential.     

Review Article: Fructooligosaccharides Enzymatic Preparation and Biofunctions

I. INTRODUCTION

Recently the study of oligosaccharides has been extensively pursued in Japan after the findings of the remarkable biofunctions and usefulness of fructooligosac-charides for human health, improving the intestinal microflora and importance in livestock nutrition.     

Boundedness of Product Type Pseudodifferential Operators on Spaces of Besov Type

In this paper we consider pseudodifferential operators associated with symbols satisfying estimates of product type, and give some sufficient conditions for the operators to be bounded on BESOV spaces and on TRIEBEL —LIZORKIN spaces of product type corresponding to the above estimates. In the proof we use the characterization of these spaces by approximation by entire functions.     

Effect of molecular weight distribution on the structure and mechanical properties of ultradrawn,ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene cast from solution. II. Drawability and mechanical properties

The effect of molecular weight distribution (MWD) on the ultradrawability and mechanical properties of solution-cast films of ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) has been investigated using tensile and dynamic mechanical measurements. The MWD has a marked effect on ultradrawability and thus on the ultimate mechanical properties such as the tensile modulus. It is proposed that UHMW-PE with a narrow MWD(N-PE) attains the ultimate structure at a lower draw ratio than UHMW-PE with a broad MWD(B-PE) because of the existence in the latter of less fully extended intercrystalline tie chains. It is found that, at the same drawing temperature (100°C), N-PE shows a higher modulus than B-PE at draw ratios up to 150 x, which is assumed to be the ultimate value for N-PE.     

A successive quadratic programming algorithm with global and superlinear convergence properties

This paper presents a successive quadratic programming algorithm for solving general nonlinear programming problems. In order to avoid the Maratos effect, direction-finding subproblems are derived by modifying the second-order approximations to both objective and constraint functions of the problem. We prove that the algorithm possesses global and superlinear convergence properties.This work was supported in part by a Scientific Research Grant-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan.     

A microsensor for adenosine-5′-triphosphate pH-sensitive field effect transistors

The sensor for adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP) is based on H⁺-ATPase immobilized via a polyvinylbutyral resin on a pH-sensitive field effect transistor. A linear relationship was obtained between the initial rate of change of the differential gate output voltage and the logarithm of the ATP concentration over the range 0.2–1.0 mM ATP. The optimum pH was 9.0 at 40°C but pH 7.0 was preferred for routine measurements. Only slight responses were obtained for 1 mM glucose, creatinine or urea. The ATP-sensing system exhibited a response to 1 mM ATP for at least 18 days.